Space MIAD Practice Test

The Hohmann transfer orbit is an efficient method for transferring a satellite from one circular orbit to another by adjusting its speed at specific points in the orbit. This method involves two main maneuvers: the first burn is executed to increase the satellite's velocity and move it into an elliptical orbit extending to the higher orbit, and the second burn occurs at the furthest point of this ellipse to circularize the atmosphere at the new altitude. Utilizing the principles of orbital mechanics, this method is optimal because it minimizes the amount of fuel required for the transfer, taking advantage of the fact that the satellite only needs to perform maneuvers when it is at specific points in its orbit. The approach's efficiency is crucial in space missions since fuel conservation is a primary concern for both cost and mission success. In contrast, the elliptical transfer orbit involves increasing drag or using gravitational assists but does not specify a dedicated maneuver for orbit adjustment as effectively as the Hohmann transfer does. Geostationary and polar orbits refer to specific types of stable orbits rather than methods for changing orbits. Thus, Hohmann transfer is the most appropriate term for the method that involves adjusting speed to facilitate orbital changes effectively.